Sources and photo credits

Every profile links its claims to these references. Retrieval dates record when a source was accessed; they are not publication dates. Photo credits appear beside each image and in the full ledger.

A-loco

Locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.) — USDA Agricultural Research Service.

Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:18+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-banner

Rural Living Guide: Agriculture and Livestock — CSU Extension, Boulder County.

Locator: Other Common Plants that may be Poisonous to Livestock: Golden Banner (Thermopsis divaricarpa). Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:31:28+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-descriptions

Weed descriptions — Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Species entries. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:02+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-foxtail

Foxtail barley — Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Species entries. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:02+00:00. Source publication/update: Published 2014-12; reviewed 2025-08.

C-perennials

Native Herbaceous Perennials for Colorado Landscapes — Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:17+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-fringed

Artemisia frigida species review — US Forest Service.

Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:21+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-locoweed

Oxytropis sericea species review — US Forest Service.

Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:18+00:00. Source publication/update: 1993-02.

I-buffalobur

Buffalobur — Iowa State University Extension.

Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:17+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-bull-thistle

Bull Thistle — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:21+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-14.

J-canada-thistle

Canada Thistle — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:21+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-22.

J-dalmatian-toadflax

Dalmatian Toadflax — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:22+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-dames-rocket

Dames Rocket — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:22+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-23.

J-houndstongue

Houndstongue — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:22+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-leafy-spurge

Leafy Spurge — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:23+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-musk-thistle

Musk Thistle — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:23+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-22.

J-oxeye-daisy

Oxeye Daisy — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:24+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-14.

J-russian-knapweed

Russian knapweed — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:24+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-14.

J-russian-olive

Russian Olive — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:25+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-22.

J-saltcedar---tamarisk

Saltcedar - Tamarisk — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:25+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-14.

J-scotch-thistle

Scotch Thistle — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:26+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-25.

J-spotted-knapweed

Spotted Knapweed — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:26+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-07.

J-teasel

Teasel — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:26+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-14.

J-yellow-toadflax

Yellow Toadflax — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:27+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-11-26.

K-bindweed

Bindweeds: field and hedge bindweed — Cornell University.

Locator: Field bindweed description, alkaloids and livestock, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:31:29+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-achillea-filipendulina

Achillea filipendulina — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-ambrosia-artemisiifolia

Ambrosia artemisiifolia — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-artemisia-ludoviciana

Artemisia ludoviciana — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-centranthus-ruber

Centranthus ruber — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-convolvulus-arvensis

Convolvulus arvensis — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-euphorbia-esula

Euphorbia esula — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-gaillardia-aristata

Gaillardia aristata — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-leucanthemum-vulgare

Leucanthemum vulgare — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-linum-lewisii

Linum lewisii — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-nepeta-x-faassenii

Nepeta x faassenii — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:58+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-rhaponticum-repens

Rhaponticum repens — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-solidago-canadensis

Solidago canadensis — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:58+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-stachys-byzantina

Stachys byzantina — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:58+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S01

Native Plants — Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Ecoregions and identifying plants. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S02

Low Water Native Plants for Pollinators — CSU Extension · Pueblo County.

Locator: Mid-Season Wildflowers: Showy Milkweed. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S03

Low-Water Native Plants for Colorado Gardens: Front Range & Foothills — Colorado Native Plant Society / CSU Extension.

Locator: Plant table: Asclepias speciosa and Achillea millefolium. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S04

Milkweed — ASPCA Poison Control.

Locator: Scientific Name; Toxicity; Clinical Signs; poison contact. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S05

Milkweed plants can cause serious poisoning — National Capital Poison Center.

Locator: Symptoms; Effects on skin and in eyes; prevention. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S06

Managing Western Whorled Milkweed — Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Introduction; Western Whorled Milkweed as a Poisonous Plant; Insects that Feed on Western Whorled Milkweed. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: Reviewed August 2025; published February 2014.

S07

Achillea millefolium — NC State Extension · Plant Toolbox.

Locator: Description; Problems; Wildlife Value. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S08

Yarrow — ASPCA Poison Control.

Locator: Scientific Name; Toxicity; Clinical Signs. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S09

Yucca glauca — NC State Extension · Plant Toolbox.

Locator: Description; needle-sharp leaf points; wildlife relationships. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S10

Yucca — ASPCA Poison Control.

Locator: Scientific Name; Toxicity; Clinical Signs. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S11

Ground Cover Plants — Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Table 1b: hot, dry, sunny exposures; Cerastium tomentosum. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S12

Cerastium tomentosum — NC State Extension · Plant Toolbox.

Locator: Description; origin; Wildlife Value. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S13

Myrtle spurge — Colorado Department of Agriculture.

Locator: Species description. Accessed: 2026-09-06. Source publication/update: not established.

S14

Myrtle Spurge — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: List A designation; General; Plant. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-22.

S15

Euphorbia myrsinites — NC State Extension · Plant Toolbox.

Locator: Description; Poisonous to Humans; Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S16

Poison Hemlock — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: List C designation; General; Habitat; Vegetation; Flower. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-17.

S17

2109 – Puncture Vine — PlantTalk Colorado · CSU Extension.

Locator: What is a puncture vine?; How can I control puncture vines?. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S18

Puncturevine / Home and Landscape — University of California Statewide IPM.

Locator: Pest Notes introduction; Identification and Life Cycle; Impact; Management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:55+00:00. Source publication/update: March 2006.

S19

Here They Come! — CSU Extension · Pueblo County.

Locator: Puncturevine seed-casings and animal injury; herbicide label guidance. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: 2020.

S20

Cheatgrass and Wildfire — Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Introduction; How to Identify Cheatgrass; Fire Hazards. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S21

Source Unit in Range and Pasture Management — Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Printed page 44: plants that can cause mechanical injury. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:55+00:00. Source publication/update: Revision May 22, 2017.

S22

Foxtails and Dogs — UC Davis · School of Veterinary Medicine.

Locator: Takeaways; signs; prevention. Accessed: 2026-09-06. Source publication/update: May 8, 2023.

S23

Helianthus annuus — NC State Extension · Plant Toolbox.

Locator: Description; distribution; self-seeding; Wildlife Value. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S24

Plants to Support Your Local Wildlife — ASPCA Poison Control.

Locator: Plants that are non-toxic to dogs and cats: common sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: May 14, 2026.

S25

Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants — ASPCA Poison Control.

Locator: Any plant material may cause vomiting or gastrointestinal upset; database limitations. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S26

First aid guidelines — National Capital Poison Center.

Locator: Poison center phone; emergency symptoms; do not induce vomiting. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S27

2103 – Colorado Noxious Weeds — PlantTalk Colorado · CSU Extension.

Locator: List A, B and C management categories. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S28

Loving Our Native Plants — CSU Extension · Pueblo County.

Locator: Native landscape plant list: Common sunflower and Showy milkweed. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

S29

Weed Management Reference Guide — Larimer County, Colorado.

Locator: Puncturevine entry: List C. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:00+00:00. Source publication/update: January 24, 2023.

ST-pattern

The Stoagen pattern — Stoagen.

Locator: Published Markdown mirror and agent appendix pattern. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:31:30+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

U-buffalobur

Solanum rostratum herbarium collection records — University of Colorado Museum of Natural History.

Locator: COLO:V specimens 00785139 and 00785204; Colorado localities. Accessed: 2026-09-07. Source publication/update: not established.

W-buffalobur

Buffalobur — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:17+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-russian-sage

Russian sage (Salvia yangii) — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, synonyms, native range, wildlife value. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:57:24+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-russian-sage

1050: Russian Sage — Colorado State University Extension / PlantTalk.

Locator: Colorado garden use; taxonomy sentence is outdated relative to NC State. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:57:25+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

E-sage-suckers

Russian Sage Suckers — Ask Extension.

Locator: Expert response on sucker growth. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:57:24+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-tumbleweeds

Identification and Management of Kochia and Russian Thistle — Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Weed Description; Livestock Poisonings; Integrated Weed Management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:57:25+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

CO-rules-2025

Colorado Noxious Weed Act rules, 8 CCR 1206-2 — Colorado Secretary of State / Department of Agriculture.

Locator: Parts 3.1, 4.1, 5.1; management provisions; effective May 15, 2025. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:07:48+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-05-15.

UC-russian-thistle

Russian Thistle — University of California Statewide IPM.

Locator: Taxonomic complex, morphology, oxalates, dry tumbleweed hazards. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:57:25+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-euphorbia-cyparissias

euphorbia cyparissias — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:51+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-isatis-tinctoria

isatis tinctoria — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:51+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-arundo-donax

arundo donax — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:51+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-salvinia-molesta

salvinia molesta — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:51+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-epilobium-hirsutum

epilobium hirsutum — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:51+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-hydrilla-verticillata

hydrilla verticillata — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-reynoutria-japonica

reynoutria japonica — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-myriophyllum-aquaticum

myriophyllum aquaticum — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-lythrum-salicaria

lythrum salicaria — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-iris-pseudacorus

iris pseudacorus — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-centaurea-solstitialis

centaurea solstitialis — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-artemisia-absinthium

artemisia absinthium — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-hyoscyamus-niger

hyoscyamus niger — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-saponaria-officinalis

saponaria officinalis — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-tanacetum-vulgare

tanacetum vulgare — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-myriophyllum-spicatum

myriophyllum spicatum — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-potentilla-recta

potentilla recta — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-carum-carvi

carum carvi — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-cyperus-esculentus

cyperus esculentus — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-cichorium-intybus

cichorium intybus — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-arctium-minus

arctium minus — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-verbascum-thapsus

verbascum thapsus — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-hypericum-perforatum

hypericum perforatum — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-sorghum-halepense

sorghum halepense — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-ulmus-pumila

ulmus pumila — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-ailanthus-altissima

ailanthus altissima — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-common-crupina

Common Crupina — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-camelthorn

Camelthorn — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-flowering-rush

Flowering Rush — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-giant-knotweed

Giant Knotweed — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-bohemian-knotweed

Bohemian Knotweed — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-meadow-knapweed

Meadow Knapweed — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-mediterranean-sage

Mediterranean Sage — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-medusahead

Medusahead — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-orange-hawkweed

Orange Hawkweed — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-rush-skeletonweed

Rush Skeletonweed — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-tansy-ragwort

Tansy Ragwort — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-ventenata

Ventenata — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-chinese-clematis

Chinese Clematis — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-clematis

Clematis — NC State Extension.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:20+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-hoary-cress

Hoary Cress — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-jointed-goatgrass

Jointed Goatgrass — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-moth-mullein

Moth Mullein — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-perennial-pepperweed

Perennial Pepperweed — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-plumeless-thistle

Plumeless Thistle — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:24+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-perennial-sowthistle

Perennial Sowthistle — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:24+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-redstem-filaree

Redstem Filaree — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:58+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-scentless-chamomile

Scentless Chamomile — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

J-diffuse-knapweed

Diffuse Knapweed — Jefferson County, Colorado.

Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:22+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

NPS-african

African Rue — US National Park Service.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecology and exposure evidence. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:21:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

WA-african-rue

African rue — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Locator: Species or hybrid identity, description and ecology. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:18:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

CO-elongated-mustard

Elongated mustard identification and management — Colorado Department of Agriculture, hosted by Fremont County.

Locator: Identification and impacts; updated July 2015. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

NPS-squarrose

Exotic Species: Squarrose Knapweed — US National Park Service.

Locator: Species or hybrid identity, description and ecology. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:18:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-teasels

Fuller’s and cutleaf teasel — USDA Forest Service.

Locator: Species descriptions, occurrence and hazard sections; food preparation and treatment instructions not adopted. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:34:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-toadflaxes

Biology and Biological Control of Dalmatian and Yellow Toadflax — USDA Forest Service.

Locator: Species or hybrid identity, description and ecology. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:19:10+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

UC-mayweed

Mayweed chamomile — University of California Statewide IPM.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

K-chamomiles

Chamomiles — Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

P-tauricum

Morphological and Genomic Differences in the Italian Populations of Onopordum tauricum — Plants journal / authors; archived by US National Library of Medicine.

Locator: Species or hybrid identity, description and ecology. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:18:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-knapweed

Diffuse knapweed and hybrid taxonomy — USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecology and exposure evidence. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:21:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

U-bulbous

Bulbous bluegrass — Utah State University Extension.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:17+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

A-halogeton

Halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus) — USDA Agricultural Research Service.

Locator: Description; distribution; poisoning; management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:13:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

M-quackgrass

Quackgrass — University of Minnesota Extension.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:17+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

K-velvetleaf

Velvetleaf — Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

K-wild-proso

Wild-proso millet — Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-datura-stramonium

datura stramonium — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-routt-guide

Routt County Weed Identification Guide — Routt County / Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Common weeds and poisonous plants; 2021 edition. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:14+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-xanthium-strumarium

xanthium strumarium — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-wetland-guide

Common Wetland Plants of Colorado’s Western Slope — Colorado Natural Heritage Program / Colorado State University.

Locator: Water hemlock and western poison ivy entries; taxonomic scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

U-water-hemlock

Water Hemlock — Utah State University Extension.

Locator: Cicuta douglasii identification and toxicity. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

FDA-poison-ivy

Outsmarting Poison Ivy and Other Poisonous Plants — US Food and Drug Administration.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-amaranthus-retroflexus

amaranthus retroflexus — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-portulaca-oleracea

portulaca oleracea — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

A-purslane

Purslane — ASPCA Poison Control.

Locator: Scientific name, toxicity to dogs, cats and horses. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-taraxacum-officinale

taraxacum officinale — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-solanum-dulcamara

solanum dulcamara — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

ARS-larkspur

Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) — USDA Agricultural Research Service.

Locator: Species descriptions, occurrence and hazard sections; food preparation and treatment instructions not adopted. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:34:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

A-larkspur

Larkspur — Delphinium species — ASPCA Poison Control.

Locator: Species descriptions, occurrence and hazard sections; food preparation and treatment instructions not adopted. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:34:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

B-deathcamas

Toxicoscordion venenosum var. gramineum — University of Washington Burke Herbarium; Don Knoke and David Giblin.

Locator: Species descriptions, occurrence and hazard sections; food preparation and treatment instructions not adopted. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:34:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

ARS-deathcamas

Deathcamas — USDA Agricultural Research Service.

Locator: Description; toxicity; species group including Zigadenus venenosus. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:37:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-chenopodium-album

chenopodium album — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecology, toxicity. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:21:10+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-edible-weeds

Early Spring Edible Plants In Your Yard And Garden — Colorado State University Extension, Pueblo County.

Locator: Species descriptions, occurrence and hazard sections; food preparation and treatment instructions not adopted. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:34:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-rumex-crispus

rumex crispus — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecology, toxicity. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:21:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-malva-neglecta

malva neglecta — Plant Toolbox — NC State Extension.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecology, toxicity. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:21:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

A-caraway

Caraway — ASPCA Poison Control.

Locator: Scientific name and toxicity. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

A-ragwort

Ragwort — ASPCA Poison Control.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:20+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

K-kochia

Kochia — Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.

Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-floristic-2020

Revision of Colorado’s Floristic Quality Assessment Indices, 2020 — Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University.

Locator: Appendix B, Colorado species list: scientific name and native/non-native fields. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:27:33+00:00. Source publication/update: 2020-12.

N-digitaria-sanguinalis

Digitaria sanguinalis — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-setaria-viridis

Setaria viridis — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-polygonum-aviculare

Polygonum aviculare — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-euphorbia-maculata

Euphorbia maculata — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-capsella-bursa-pastoris

Capsella bursa pastoris — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-melilotus-officinalis

Melilotus officinalis — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-melilotus

White and yellow sweetclover — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:14+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-oxalis-corniculata

Oxalis corniculata — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-trifolium-repens

Trifolium repens — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-viola-sororia

Viola sororia — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-stellaria-media

Stellaria media — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-lamium-amplexicaule

Lamium amplexicaule — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-erigeron-canadensis

Erigeron canadensis — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

I-giant-ragweed

Giant ragweed — Iowa State University Extension.

Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:09+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-ragweed-native

Ragweed — Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:09+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

U-sowthistle

Annual sowthistle — University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management.

Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:10+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-sonchus-asper

Sonchus asper — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-galium-aparine

Galium aparine — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-pastinaca-sativa

Pastinaca sativa — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-apocynum-cannabinum

Apocynum cannabinum — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

P-dogbane

Dogbane hemp — ASPCA Animal Poison Control.

Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:10+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-apocynum

Hemp dogbane — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:50+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-urtica-dioica

Urtica dioica — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-urtica

Stinging nettle — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:50+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-daucus-carota

Daucus carota — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-gutierrezia

Broom snakeweed — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:48+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-grindelia

Curlycup gumweed — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:48+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

A-greasewood

Greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) — USDA Agricultural Research Service.

Locator: Identification, distribution and livestock poisoning; treatment instructions excluded. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:50+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-sarcobatus

Black greasewood — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:48+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

A-big-sagebrush

Big sagebrush plant guide — USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Locator: Named species descriptions and landscape context; sagebrush subspecies distinctions. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:33:44+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-native-shrubs

Native shrubs for Colorado landscapes — Colorado State University Extension.

Locator: Named species descriptions and landscape context; sagebrush subspecies distinctions. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:33:44+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-opuntia

Plains pricklypear — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:48+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

C-low-water-cactus

Very Low Water Garden — Colorado State University Extension, El Paso County.

Locator: Named species descriptions and landscape context; sagebrush subspecies distinctions. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:33:43+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-ericameria

Rubber rabbitbrush — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:48+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-ambrosia-psilostachya

Western ragweed — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:49+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-euphorbia-marginata

Euphorbia marginata — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

U-silverleaf

Silverleaf nightshade — University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management.

Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:10+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-ranunculus-acris

Ranunculus acris — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

P-buttercup

Buttercup — ASPCA Animal Poison Control.

Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-sisymbrium

Tall tumblemustard — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:49+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

N-securigera-varia

Securigera varia — NC State Extension.

Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:14+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

F-securigera

Crownvetch — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System.

Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

Corteva-west

Range & Pasture Western Rangeland Weed & Brush ID Guide — Corteva Agriscience.

Locator: 84 plant profile topics; per-row printed pages in coverage.json. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:05:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

Fremont-list-definitions

Weed Identification: Colorado List A, B and C definitions — Fremont County, Colorado — Weed Management.

Locator: Opening paragraphs defining List A, List B and List C under the Colorado Noxious Weed Act. Accessed: 2026-09-07T03:48:41.948837+00:00. Source publication/update: not established.

Content revised 2026-09-21 19:48:00Z · Source checks dated separately in the references.