--- {} --- # Sources and photo credits Every profile links its claims to these references. Retrieval dates record when a source was accessed; they are not publication dates. Photo credits appear beside each image and in the full ledger. ## A-loco [Locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.)](https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/logan-ut/poisonous-plant-research/docs/locoweed-astragalus-and-oxytropis-spp/) — USDA Agricultural Research Service. Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:18+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-banner [Rural Living Guide: Agriculture and Livestock](https://boulder.extension.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2021/03/BoCo-Rural-Living-Guide-Agriculture-Livestock-Rev-1.pdf) — CSU Extension, Boulder County. Locator: Other Common Plants that may be Poisonous to Livestock: Golden Banner (Thermopsis divaricarpa). Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:31:28+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-descriptions [Weed descriptions](https://extension.colostate.edu/resource/weed-descriptions/) — Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Species entries. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:02+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-foxtail [Foxtail barley](https://extension.colostate.edu/resource/foxtail-barley/) — Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Species entries. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:02+00:00. Source publication/update: Published 2014-12; reviewed 2025-08. ## C-perennials [Native Herbaceous Perennials for Colorado Landscapes](https://extension.colostate.edu/resource/native-herbaceous-perennials-for-colorado-landscapes/) — Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:17+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-fringed [Artemisia frigida species review](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/artfri) — US Forest Service. Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:21+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-locoweed [Oxytropis sericea species review](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/oxyser) — US Forest Service. Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:18+00:00. Source publication/update: 1993-02. ## I-buffalobur [Buffalobur](https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/encyclopedia/buffalobur) — Iowa State University Extension. Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:17+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-bull-thistle [Bull Thistle](https://www.jeffco.us/2618/Bull-Thistle) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:21+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-14. ## J-canada-thistle [Canada Thistle](https://www.jeffco.us/2616/Canada-Thistle) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:21+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-22. ## J-dalmatian-toadflax [Dalmatian Toadflax](https://www.jeffco.us/2469/Dalmatian-Toadflax) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:22+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-dames-rocket [Dames Rocket](https://www.jeffco.us/2467/Dames-Rocket) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:22+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-23. ## J-houndstongue [Houndstongue](https://www.jeffco.us/2414/Houndstongue) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:22+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-leafy-spurge [Leafy Spurge](https://www.jeffco.us/2406/Leafy-Spurge) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:23+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-musk-thistle [Musk Thistle](https://www.jeffco.us/2384/Musk-Thistle) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:23+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-22. ## J-oxeye-daisy [Oxeye Daisy](https://www.jeffco.us/2340/Oxeye-Daisy) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:24+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-14. ## J-russian-knapweed [Russian knapweed](https://www.jeffco.us/4107/Russian-knapweed) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:24+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-14. ## J-russian-olive [Russian Olive](https://www.jeffco.us/2224/Russian-Olive) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:25+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-22. ## J-saltcedar---tamarisk [Saltcedar - Tamarisk](https://www.jeffco.us/2216/Saltcedar---Tamarisk) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:25+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-14. ## J-scotch-thistle [Scotch Thistle](https://www.jeffco.us/2192/Scotch-Thistle) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:26+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-25. ## J-spotted-knapweed [Spotted Knapweed](https://www.jeffco.us/2181/Spotted-Knapweed) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:26+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-07. ## J-teasel [Teasel](https://www.jeffco.us/2152/Teasel) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:26+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-10-14. ## J-yellow-toadflax [Yellow Toadflax](https://www.jeffco.us/2142/Yellow-Toadflax) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:27+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-11-26. ## K-bindweed [Bindweeds: field and hedge bindweed](https://blogs.cornell.edu/weedid/859-2/) — Cornell University. Locator: Field bindweed description, alkaloids and livestock, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:31:29+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-achillea-filipendulina [Achillea filipendulina — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/achillea-filipendulina/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-ambrosia-artemisiifolia [Ambrosia artemisiifolia — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ambrosia-artemisiifolia/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-artemisia-ludoviciana [Artemisia ludoviciana — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/artemisia-ludoviciana/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-centranthus-ruber [Centranthus ruber — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centranthus-ruber/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-convolvulus-arvensis [Convolvulus arvensis — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/convolvulus-arvensis/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-euphorbia-esula [Euphorbia esula — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euphorbia-esula/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-gaillardia-aristata [Gaillardia aristata — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/gaillardia-aristata/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-leucanthemum-vulgare [Leucanthemum vulgare — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/leucanthemum-vulgare/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-linum-lewisii [Linum lewisii — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/linum-lewisii/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-nepeta-x-faassenii [Nepeta x faassenii — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/nepeta-x-faassenii/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:58+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-rhaponticum-repens [Rhaponticum repens — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhaponticum-repens/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-solidago-canadensis [Solidago canadensis — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/solidago-canadensis/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:58+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-stachys-byzantina [Stachys byzantina — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/stachys-byzantina/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:58+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S01 [Native Plants](https://extension.colostate.edu/resource/native-plants/) — Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Ecoregions and identifying plants. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S02 [Low Water Native Plants for Pollinators](https://pueblo.extension.colostate.edu/low-water-native-plants-for-pollinators/) — CSU Extension · Pueblo County. Locator: Mid-Season Wildflowers: Showy Milkweed. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S03 [Low-Water Native Plants for Colorado Gardens: Front Range & Foothills](https://www.extension.colostate.edu/docs/pubs/native/FrontRangeSm.pdf) — Colorado Native Plant Society / CSU Extension. Locator: Plant table: Asclepias speciosa and Achillea millefolium. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S04 [Milkweed](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/milkweed) — ASPCA Poison Control. Locator: Scientific Name; Toxicity; Clinical Signs; poison contact. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S05 [Milkweed plants can cause serious poisoning](https://www.poison.org/articles/milkweed-can-cause-serious-poisoning-204) — National Capital Poison Center. Locator: Symptoms; Effects on skin and in eyes; prevention. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S06 [Managing Western Whorled Milkweed](https://extension.colostate.edu/resource/managing-western-whorled-milkweed/) — Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Introduction; Western Whorled Milkweed as a Poisonous Plant; Insects that Feed on Western Whorled Milkweed. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: Reviewed August 2025; published February 2014. ## S07 [Achillea millefolium](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/achillea-millefolium/) — NC State Extension · Plant Toolbox. Locator: Description; Problems; Wildlife Value. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S08 [Yarrow](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/yarrow) — ASPCA Poison Control. Locator: Scientific Name; Toxicity; Clinical Signs. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S09 [Yucca glauca](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/yucca-glauca/) — NC State Extension · Plant Toolbox. Locator: Description; needle-sharp leaf points; wildlife relationships. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S10 [Yucca](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/yucca) — ASPCA Poison Control. Locator: Scientific Name; Toxicity; Clinical Signs. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S11 [Ground Cover Plants](https://extension.colostate.edu/resource/ground-cover-plants/) — Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Table 1b: hot, dry, sunny exposures; Cerastium tomentosum. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S12 [Cerastium tomentosum](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cerastium-tomentosum/) — NC State Extension · Plant Toolbox. Locator: Description; origin; Wildlife Value. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S13 [Myrtle spurge](https://ag.colorado.gov/conservation/noxious-weeds/colorado-noxious-weed-list/myrtle-spurge) — Colorado Department of Agriculture. Locator: Species description. Accessed: 2026-09-06. Source publication/update: not established. ## S14 [Myrtle Spurge](https://www.jeffco.us/2364/Myrtle-Spurge) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: List A designation; General; Plant. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-22. ## S15 [Euphorbia myrsinites](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euphorbia-myrsinites/) — NC State Extension · Plant Toolbox. Locator: Description; Poisonous to Humans; Problems. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S16 [Poison Hemlock](https://www.jeffco.us/2230/Poison-Hemlock) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: List C designation; General; Habitat; Vegetation; Flower. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-09-17. ## S17 [2109 – Puncture Vine](https://planttalk.colostate.edu/topics/weeds-cultural-problems/2109-puncture-vine/) — PlantTalk Colorado · CSU Extension. Locator: What is a puncture vine?; How can I control puncture vines?. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S18 [Puncturevine / Home and Landscape](https://ipm.ucanr.edu/home-and-landscape/puncturevine/) — University of California Statewide IPM. Locator: Pest Notes introduction; Identification and Life Cycle; Impact; Management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:55+00:00. Source publication/update: March 2006. ## S19 [Here They Come!](https://pueblo.extension.colostate.edu/here-they-come/) — CSU Extension · Pueblo County. Locator: Puncturevine seed-casings and animal injury; herbicide label guidance. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:54+00:00. Source publication/update: 2020. ## S20 [Cheatgrass and Wildfire](https://extension.colostate.edu/resource/cheatgrass-and-wildfire/) — Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Introduction; How to Identify Cheatgrass; Fire Hazards. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S21 [Source Unit in Range and Pasture Management](https://cmg.extension.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/42/2016/10/SourceUnitInRangeAndPastureMngmt_REVISED_5-22-2017.pdf) — Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Printed page 44: plants that can cause mechanical injury. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:55+00:00. Source publication/update: Revision May 22, 2017. ## S22 [Foxtails and Dogs](https://healthtopics.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/health-topics/foxtails) — UC Davis · School of Veterinary Medicine. Locator: Takeaways; signs; prevention. Accessed: 2026-09-06. Source publication/update: May 8, 2023. ## S23 [Helianthus annuus](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/helianthus-annuus/) — NC State Extension · Plant Toolbox. Locator: Description; distribution; self-seeding; Wildlife Value. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S24 [Plants to Support Your Local Wildlife](https://www.aspca.org/news/plants-support-your-local-wildlife) — ASPCA Poison Control. Locator: Plants that are non-toxic to dogs and cats: common sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: May 14, 2026. ## S25 [Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants) — ASPCA Poison Control. Locator: Any plant material may cause vomiting or gastrointestinal upset; database limitations. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S26 [First aid guidelines](https://www.poison.org/first-aid-for-poisonings) — National Capital Poison Center. Locator: Poison center phone; emergency symptoms; do not induce vomiting. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S27 [2103 – Colorado Noxious Weeds](https://planttalk.colostate.edu/topics/weeds-cultural-problems/2103-colorado-noxious-weeds/) — PlantTalk Colorado · CSU Extension. Locator: List A, B and C management categories. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S28 [Loving Our Native Plants](https://pueblo.extension.colostate.edu/loving-our-native-plants/) — CSU Extension · Pueblo County. Locator: Native landscape plant list: Common sunflower and Showy milkweed. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:23:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## S29 [Weed Management Reference Guide](https://www.larimer.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/2023/weed_management_reference_guide_-_5.5_x_8_-_jan_24_2023_-_website_reader_spreads_0.pdf) — Larimer County, Colorado. Locator: Puncturevine entry: List C. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:24:00+00:00. Source publication/update: January 24, 2023. ## ST-pattern [The Stoagen pattern](https://stoagen.com/pattern/index.md) — Stoagen. Locator: Published Markdown mirror and agent appendix pattern. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:31:30+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## U-buffalobur [Solanum rostratum herbarium collection records](https://botany-server3.colorado.edu/collections/list.php?page=3&taxa=2365&taxontype=2&usethes=1) — University of Colorado Museum of Natural History. Locator: COLO:V specimens 00785139 and 00785204; Colorado localities. Accessed: 2026-09-07. Source publication/update: not established. ## W-buffalobur [Buffalobur](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/buffalobur) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Description, distribution, hazards, management; see claim locator. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:17+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-russian-sage [Russian sage (Salvia yangii)](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/salvia-yangii/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, synonyms, native range, wildlife value. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:57:24+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-russian-sage [1050: Russian Sage](https://planttalk.colostate.edu/topics/annuals-perennials/1050-russian-sage/) — Colorado State University Extension / PlantTalk. Locator: Colorado garden use; taxonomy sentence is outdated relative to NC State. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:57:25+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## E-sage-suckers [Russian Sage Suckers](https://ask.extension.org/kb/faq.php?id=639127) — Ask Extension. Locator: Expert response on sucker growth. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:57:24+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-tumbleweeds [Identification and Management of Kochia and Russian Thistle](https://extension.colostate.edu/resource/identification-and-management-of-kochia-and-russian-thistle/) — Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Weed Description; Livestock Poisonings; Integrated Weed Management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:57:25+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## CO-rules-2025 [Colorado Noxious Weed Act rules, 8 CCR 1206-2](https://www.sos.state.co.us/CCR/GenerateRulePdf.do?ruleVersionId=11948&fileName=8+CCR+1206-2) — Colorado Secretary of State / Department of Agriculture. Locator: Parts 3.1, 4.1, 5.1; management provisions; effective May 15, 2025. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:07:48+00:00. Source publication/update: 2025-05-15. ## UC-russian-thistle [Russian Thistle](https://ipm.ucanr.edu/weeds-identification-gallery/russian-thistle/) — University of California Statewide IPM. Locator: Taxonomic complex, morphology, oxalates, dry tumbleweed hazards. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:57:25+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-euphorbia-cyparissias [euphorbia cyparissias — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euphorbia-cyparissias/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:51+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-isatis-tinctoria [isatis tinctoria — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/isatis-tinctoria/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:51+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-arundo-donax [arundo donax — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/arundo-donax/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:51+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-salvinia-molesta [salvinia molesta — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/salvinia-molesta/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:51+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-epilobium-hirsutum [epilobium hirsutum — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/epilobium-hirsutum/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:51+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-hydrilla-verticillata [hydrilla verticillata — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/hydrilla-verticillata/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-reynoutria-japonica [reynoutria japonica — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/reynoutria-japonica/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-myriophyllum-aquaticum [myriophyllum aquaticum — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/myriophyllum-aquaticum/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-lythrum-salicaria [lythrum salicaria — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lythrum-salicaria/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-iris-pseudacorus [iris pseudacorus — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/iris-pseudacorus/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-centaurea-solstitialis [centaurea solstitialis — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-solstitialis/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-artemisia-absinthium [artemisia absinthium — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/artemisia-absinthium/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-hyoscyamus-niger [hyoscyamus niger — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/hyoscyamus-niger/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-saponaria-officinalis [saponaria officinalis — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/saponaria-officinalis/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-tanacetum-vulgare [tanacetum vulgare — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/tanacetum-vulgare/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:53+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-myriophyllum-spicatum [myriophyllum spicatum — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/myriophyllum-spicatum/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-potentilla-recta [potentilla recta — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/potentilla-recta/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-carum-carvi [carum carvi — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/carum-carvi/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-cyperus-esculentus [cyperus esculentus — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cyperus-esculentus/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:54+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-cichorium-intybus [cichorium intybus — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cichorium-intybus/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-arctium-minus [arctium minus — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/arctium-minus/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-verbascum-thapsus [verbascum thapsus — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/verbascum-thapsus/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-hypericum-perforatum [hypericum perforatum — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/hypericum-perforatum/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-sorghum-halepense [sorghum halepense — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/sorghum-halepense/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-ulmus-pumila [ulmus pumila — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-pumila/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-ailanthus-altissima [ailanthus altissima — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ailanthus-altissima/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-common-crupina [Common Crupina](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/common-crupina) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-camelthorn [Camelthorn](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/camelthorn) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-flowering-rush [Flowering Rush](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/flowering-rush) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-giant-knotweed [Giant Knotweed](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/giant-knotweed) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-bohemian-knotweed [Bohemian Knotweed](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/bohemian-knotweed) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-meadow-knapweed [Meadow Knapweed](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/meadow-knapweed) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-mediterranean-sage [Mediterranean Sage](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/mediterranean-sage) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-medusahead [Medusahead](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/medusahead) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-orange-hawkweed [Orange Hawkweed](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/orange-hawkweed) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-rush-skeletonweed [Rush Skeletonweed](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/rush-skeletonweed) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-tansy-ragwort [Tansy Ragwort](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/tansy-ragwort) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-ventenata [Ventenata](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/ventenata) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Identification, ecological impacts, management; Washington legal class not applied to Colorado. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:09:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-chinese-clematis [Chinese Clematis](https://www.jeffco.us/2530/Chinese-Clematis) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:55+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-clematis [Clematis](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/clematis/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:20+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-hoary-cress [Hoary Cress](https://www.jeffco.us/2436/Hoary-Cress) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-jointed-goatgrass [Jointed Goatgrass](https://www.jeffco.us/2413/Jointed-Goatgrass) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-moth-mullein [Moth Mullein](https://www.jeffco.us/2402/Moth-Mullein) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-perennial-pepperweed [Perennial Pepperweed](https://www.jeffco.us/2334/Perennial-Pepperweed) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-plumeless-thistle [Plumeless Thistle](https://www.jeffco.us/2294/Plumeless-Thistle) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:24+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-perennial-sowthistle [Perennial Sowthistle](https://www.jeffco.us/2323/Perennial-Sowthistle) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:24+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-redstem-filaree [Redstem Filaree](https://www.jeffco.us/2240/Redstem-Filaree) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:58+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-scentless-chamomile [Scentless Chamomile](https://www.jeffco.us/2205/Scentless-Chamomile) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Species description and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:08:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## J-diffuse-knapweed [Diffuse Knapweed](https://www.jeffco.us/2466/Diffuse-Knapweed) — Jefferson County, Colorado. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T00:27:22+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## NPS-african [African Rue](https://www.nps.gov/whsa/learn/nature/africanrue.htm) — US National Park Service. Locator: Species identity, description, ecology and exposure evidence. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:21:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## WA-african-rue [African rue](https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/african-rue) — Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. Locator: Species or hybrid identity, description and ecology. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:18:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## CO-elongated-mustard [Elongated mustard identification and management](https://fremontcountyco.gov/sites/default/files/weed-control/weed-files/elongated-mustard-fact-sheet.pdf) — Colorado Department of Agriculture, hosted by Fremont County. Locator: Identification and impacts; updated July 2015. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## NPS-squarrose [Exotic Species: Squarrose Knapweed](https://www.nps.gov/articles/squarrose-knapweed.htm) — US National Park Service. Locator: Species or hybrid identity, description and ecology. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:18:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-teasels [Fuller’s and cutleaf teasel](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/dipspp) — USDA Forest Service. Locator: Species descriptions, occurrence and hazard sections; food preparation and treatment instructions not adopted. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:34:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-toadflaxes [Biology and Biological Control of Dalmatian and Yellow Toadflax](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-A13-PURL-gpo87594/pdf/GOVPUB-A13-PURL-gpo87594.pdf) — USDA Forest Service. Locator: Species or hybrid identity, description and ecology. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:19:10+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## UC-mayweed [Mayweed chamomile](https://ipm.ucanr.edu/weeds-identification-gallery/mayweed-chamomile/) — University of California Statewide IPM. Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## K-chamomiles [Chamomiles](https://cals.cornell.edu/weed-science/weed-profiles/chamomiles) — Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## P-tauricum [Morphological and Genomic Differences in the Italian Populations of Onopordum tauricum](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10934427/) — Plants journal / authors; archived by US National Library of Medicine. Locator: Species or hybrid identity, description and ecology. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:18:57+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-knapweed [Diffuse knapweed and hybrid taxonomy](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/cendif) — USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Species identity, description, ecology and exposure evidence. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:21:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## U-bulbous [Bulbous bluegrass](https://extension.usu.edu/rangeplants/grasses-and-grasslikes/bulbous-bluegrass) — Utah State University Extension. Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:17+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## A-halogeton [Halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus)](https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/logan-ut/poisonous-plant-research/docs/halogeton-halogeton-glomeratus/) — USDA Agricultural Research Service. Locator: Description; distribution; poisoning; management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:13:59+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## M-quackgrass [Quackgrass](https://extension.umn.edu/garden-and-home/yard-and-garden/lawns-and-landscapes-in-minnesota/quackgrass) — University of Minnesota Extension. Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:17+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## K-velvetleaf [Velvetleaf](https://cals.cornell.edu/weed-science/weed-profiles/velvetleaf) — Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## K-wild-proso [Wild-proso millet](https://cals.cornell.edu/weed-science/weed-profiles/wild-proso-millet) — Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-datura-stramonium [datura stramonium — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/datura-stramonium/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-routt-guide [Routt County Weed Identification Guide](https://routt.extension.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/06/RC_Weed_Guide_2021.pdf) — Routt County / Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Common weeds and poisonous plants; 2021 edition. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:14+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-xanthium-strumarium [xanthium strumarium — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/xanthium-strumarium/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-wetland-guide [Common Wetland Plants of Colorado’s Western Slope](https://cnhp.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/download/documents/cwic_docs/WesternSlope.pdf) — Colorado Natural Heritage Program / Colorado State University. Locator: Water hemlock and western poison ivy entries; taxonomic scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## U-water-hemlock [Water Hemlock](https://extension.usu.edu/rangeplants/forbs-herbaceous/water-hemlock) — Utah State University Extension. Locator: Cicuta douglasii identification and toxicity. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## FDA-poison-ivy [Outsmarting Poison Ivy and Other Poisonous Plants](https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/outsmarting-poison-ivy-and-other-poisonous-plants) — US Food and Drug Administration. Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-amaranthus-retroflexus [amaranthus retroflexus — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/amaranthus-retroflexus/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-portulaca-oleracea [portulaca oleracea — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/portulaca-oleracea/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## A-purslane [Purslane](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/purslane) — ASPCA Poison Control. Locator: Scientific name, toxicity to dogs, cats and horses. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-taraxacum-officinale [taraxacum officinale — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/taraxacum-officinale/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-solanum-dulcamara [solanum dulcamara — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/solanum-dulcamara/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description; Attributes; Problems; Poisonous to Humans. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:04:56+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## ARS-larkspur [Larkspur (Delphinium spp.)](https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/logan-ut/poisonous-plant-research/docs/larkspur-delphinium-spp/) — USDA Agricultural Research Service. Locator: Species descriptions, occurrence and hazard sections; food preparation and treatment instructions not adopted. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:34:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## A-larkspur [Larkspur — Delphinium species](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/larkspur) — ASPCA Poison Control. Locator: Species descriptions, occurrence and hazard sections; food preparation and treatment instructions not adopted. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:34:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## B-deathcamas [Toxicoscordion venenosum var. gramineum](https://burkeherbarium.org/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Toxicoscordion+venenosum+var.+gramineum) — University of Washington Burke Herbarium; Don Knoke and David Giblin. Locator: Species descriptions, occurrence and hazard sections; food preparation and treatment instructions not adopted. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:34:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## ARS-deathcamas [Deathcamas](https://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=9861) — USDA Agricultural Research Service. Locator: Description; toxicity; species group including Zigadenus venenosus. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:37:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-chenopodium-album [chenopodium album — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/chenopodium-album/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Species identity, description, ecology, toxicity. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:21:10+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-edible-weeds [Early Spring Edible Plants In Your Yard And Garden](https://pueblo.extension.colostate.edu/early-spring-edible-plants-in-your-yard-and-garden/) — Colorado State University Extension, Pueblo County. Locator: Species descriptions, occurrence and hazard sections; food preparation and treatment instructions not adopted. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:34:00+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-rumex-crispus [rumex crispus — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rumex-crispus/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Species identity, description, ecology, toxicity. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:21:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-malva-neglecta [malva neglecta — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/malva-neglecta/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Species identity, description, ecology, toxicity. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:21:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## A-caraway [Caraway](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/caraway) — ASPCA Poison Control. Locator: Scientific name and toxicity. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:14:01+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## A-ragwort [Ragwort](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/ragwort) — ASPCA Poison Control. Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:20+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## K-kochia [Kochia](https://cals.cornell.edu/weed-science/weed-profiles/kochia) — Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Locator: Species identity, description, ecological and exposure evidence; verify group scope. Accessed: 2026-09-07T01:16:19+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-floristic-2020 [Revision of Colorado’s Floristic Quality Assessment Indices, 2020](https://cnhp.colostate.edu/download/documents/2020/CO_FQA_2020_Final_Report.pdf) — Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University. Locator: Appendix B, Colorado species list: scientific name and native/non-native fields. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:27:33+00:00. Source publication/update: 2020-12. ## N-digitaria-sanguinalis [Digitaria sanguinalis](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/digitaria-sanguinalis/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-setaria-viridis [Setaria viridis](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/setaria-viridis/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-polygonum-aviculare [Polygonum aviculare](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/polygonum-aviculare/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-euphorbia-maculata [Euphorbia maculata](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euphorbia-maculata/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-capsella-bursa-pastoris [Capsella bursa pastoris](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/capsella-bursa-pastoris/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-melilotus-officinalis [Melilotus officinalis](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/melilotus-officinalis/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-melilotus [White and yellow sweetclover](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/melspp) — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:14+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-oxalis-corniculata [Oxalis corniculata](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/oxalis-corniculata/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-trifolium-repens [Trifolium repens](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/trifolium-repens/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-viola-sororia [Viola sororia](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-sororia/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-stellaria-media [Stellaria media](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/stellaria-media/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-lamium-amplexicaule [Lamium amplexicaule](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lamium-amplexicaule/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-erigeron-canadensis [Erigeron canadensis](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/erigeron-canadensis/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## I-giant-ragweed [Giant ragweed](https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/encyclopedia/giant-ragweed) — Iowa State University Extension. Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:09+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-ragweed-native [Ragweed](https://sam.extension.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/2019/08/August-31-2019-Ragweed.pdf) — Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:09+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## U-sowthistle [Annual sowthistle](https://ipm.ucanr.edu/weeds-identification-gallery/annual-sowthistle/) — University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management. Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:10+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-sonchus-asper [Sonchus asper](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/sonchus-asper/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-galium-aparine [Galium aparine](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/galium-aparine/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-pastinaca-sativa [Pastinaca sativa](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pastinaca-sativa/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-apocynum-cannabinum [Apocynum cannabinum](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/apocynum-cannabinum/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:12+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## P-dogbane [Dogbane hemp](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/dogbane-hemp) — ASPCA Animal Poison Control. Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:10+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-apocynum [Hemp dogbane](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/apocan) — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:50+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-urtica-dioica [Urtica dioica](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/urtica-dioica/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-urtica [Stinging nettle](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/urtdio) — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:50+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-daucus-carota [Daucus carota](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/daucus-carota/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-gutierrezia [Broom snakeweed](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/gutsar) — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:48+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-grindelia [Curlycup gumweed](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/grisqu) — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:48+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## A-greasewood [Greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus)](https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/logan-ut/poisonous-plant-research/docs/greasewood-sarcobatus-vermiculatus/) — USDA Agricultural Research Service. Locator: Identification, distribution and livestock poisoning; treatment instructions excluded. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:50+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-sarcobatus [Black greasewood](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/sarver) — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:48+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## A-big-sagebrush [Big sagebrush plant guide](https://plants.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/plantguide/pdf/pg_artrw8.pdf) — USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Locator: Named species descriptions and landscape context; sagebrush subspecies distinctions. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:33:44+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-native-shrubs [Native shrubs for Colorado landscapes](https://extension.colostate.edu/resource/native-shrubs-for-colorado-landscapes/) — Colorado State University Extension. Locator: Named species descriptions and landscape context; sagebrush subspecies distinctions. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:33:44+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-opuntia [Plains pricklypear](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/opupol) — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:48+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## C-low-water-cactus [Very Low Water Garden](https://elpaso.extension.colostate.edu/native-plant-demonstration-garden/very-low-water-garden/) — Colorado State University Extension, El Paso County. Locator: Named species descriptions and landscape context; sagebrush subspecies distinctions. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:33:43+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-ericameria [Rubber rabbitbrush](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/erinau) — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:48+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-ambrosia-psilostachya [Western ragweed](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/ambpsi) — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:49+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-euphorbia-marginata [Euphorbia marginata](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euphorbia-marginata/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## U-silverleaf [Silverleaf nightshade](https://ipm.ucanr.edu/weeds-identification-gallery/silverleaf-nightshade/) — University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management. Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:10+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-ranunculus-acris [Ranunculus acris](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ranunculus-acris/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## P-buttercup [Buttercup](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/buttercup) — ASPCA Animal Poison Control. Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:11+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-sisymbrium [Tall tumblemustard](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/sisalt) — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Taxonomy, distribution, botanical description, wildlife/livestock values and management. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:24:49+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## N-securigera-varia [Securigera varia](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/securigera-varia/) — NC State Extension. Locator: Description, identification attributes and plant problems; toxicity section where present. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:23:14+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## F-securigera [Crownvetch](https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/secvar) — USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System. Locator: Named species or genus; identification, distribution and hazard sections where available. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:26:13+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## Corteva-west [Range & Pasture Western Rangeland Weed & Brush ID Guide](https://online.flippingbook.com/view/847083821/) — Corteva Agriscience. Locator: 84 plant profile topics; per-row printed pages in coverage.json. Accessed: 2026-09-07T02:05:52+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. ## Fremont-list-definitions [Weed Identification: Colorado List A, B and C definitions](https://fremontcountyco.gov/weed-control/weed-identification) — Fremont County, Colorado — Weed Management. Locator: Opening paragraphs defining List A, List B and List C under the Colorado Noxious Weed Act. Accessed: 2026-09-07T03:48:41.948837+00:00. Source publication/update: not established. # Appendix for agents The ledger provides exact retrieval URLs and response hashes when downloads succeeded. A response hash establishes the bytes retrieved, not the truth of the source. Older sources and taxonomic ambiguities are identified in profile appendices. --- Canonical HTML: https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/sources/ Content revised: 2026-09-21T19:48:00Z Markdown mirror: https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/sources/index.md Text fallback: https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/sources/index.md.txt Agent entry: https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/start.md Provenance: https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/provenance.json