---
{
  "id": "oxeye-daisy",
  "name": "Oxeye daisy",
  "scientific": "Leucanthemum vulgare",
  "category": "invasive",
  "status": "Colorado noxious weed · List B — Stop the spread",
  "status_sources": [
    "J-oxeye-daisy"
  ],
  "warning": "Toxic to dogs and cats; dermatitis",
  "warning_tone": "danger",
  "aliases": [
    "Chrysanthemum leucanthemum"
  ],
  "taxonomy_note": "ASPCA’s page titled Daisy names Chrysanthemum species, not Leucanthemum vulgare. It is excluded as direct pet evidence; the species-specific NC State account supports the warning here.",
  "source_ids": [
    "J-oxeye-daisy",
    "N-leucanthemum-vulgare",
    "Fremont-list-definitions"
  ],
  "description": "Oxeye daisy: Toxic to dogs and cats; dermatitis. Colorado identification, habitat and exposure evidence.",
  "claim_evidence": [
    {
      "label": "Recognize",
      "sources": [
        "N-leucanthemum-vulgare"
      ],
      "scope": "Species-specific",
      "note": "",
      "id": "oxeye-daisy-1"
    },
    {
      "label": "Plants & habitat",
      "sources": [
        "J-oxeye-daisy"
      ],
      "scope": "Species-specific",
      "note": "",
      "id": "oxeye-daisy-2"
    },
    {
      "label": "People",
      "sources": [
        "N-leucanthemum-vulgare"
      ],
      "scope": "Species-specific",
      "note": "",
      "id": "oxeye-daisy-3"
    },
    {
      "label": "Dogs & cats",
      "sources": [
        "N-leucanthemum-vulgare"
      ],
      "scope": "Species-specific",
      "note": "",
      "id": "oxeye-daisy-4"
    },
    {
      "label": "Other animals",
      "sources": [
        "N-leucanthemum-vulgare"
      ],
      "scope": "Source problem tag; clinical detail limited",
      "note": "",
      "id": "oxeye-daisy-5"
    },
    {
      "id": "oxeye-daisy-list-meaning",
      "label": "State-list meaning",
      "sources": [
        "Fremont-list-definitions"
      ],
      "scope": "Colorado management-category definition; species classification retains its original status sources",
      "note": "Plain-language editorial label for a management category; not a toxicity or danger rating.",
      "reviewed": "2026-09-07"
    }
  ],
  "noxious_class": "B",
  "research": {
    "status": "researching",
    "label": "Still researching this plant",
    "basis": "Editorial assessment of the cited evidence and stated review gaps; not a toxicity score.",
    "open_questions": [
      {
        "area": "Identification",
        "question": "Resolve the taxonomic, common-name or photograph limitations stated in the identification caveat.",
        "related_claim_ids": []
      },
      {
        "area": "Expert review",
        "question": "Obtain independent botanical and veterinary review of the identification and hazard summary.",
        "related_claim_ids": []
      }
    ],
    "expert_review": "pending"
  },
  "noxious_class_label": "B — Stop the spread",
  "source": "content/plants/oxeye-daisy.md"
}
---

# Oxeye daisy

*Leucanthemum vulgare*

**Colorado noxious weed · List B — Stop the spread.** [J-oxeye-daisy](https://www.jeffco.us/2340/Oxeye-Daisy)

Established in some areas. Requirements vary by location: eradication, containment or suppression to stop further spread. This is a management category, separate from danger ratings. [Category source](https://fremontcountyco.gov/weed-control/weed-identification) · [What the lists mean](https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/safety/#weed-lists).

> **Toxic to dogs and cats; dermatitis.** Native status, garden use and noxious-weed class are separate from toxicity. [Exposure help](https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/safety/).

**Identification caveat:** ASPCA’s page titled Daisy names Chrysanthemum species, not Leucanthemum vulgare. It is excluded as direct pet evidence; the species-specific NC State account supports the warning here.

## Still researching this plant {#research-status}

This is a sourced working profile. The cited findings are available below. Identification and source-photo limits are explained below. Independent botanical and veterinary review is pending. **Uncertainty is not a finding that the plant is safe.**


## Three views of this plant

Photos are source-identified examples, not a complete identification key. Check leaves, stems, flowers and fruit together. Locations are not assumed to be in Colorado.

![Leucanthemum vulgare: Upright clump with many long stems carrying white-rayed yellow-centered flower heads.](https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/assets/photos/invasive-leucanthemum-vulgare-habit.jpg)

**habit** — Upright clump with many long stems carrying white-rayed yellow-centered flower heads.

Photo: Isidre blanc; [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0); [source record](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LEUCANTHEMUM_VULGARE_-_SANT_JUST_-_IB-700_(Margarida).JPG); [original image](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/LEUCANTHEMUM_VULGARE_-_SANT_JUST_-_IB-700_%28Margarida%29.JPG). Source page scientific identification plus visual morphology review of the selected photograph. This is a source-identified reference image, not a specimen-based taxonomic determination.  Oxeye daisy belongs to a taxonomically difficult group, and ornamental Shasta daisies may resemble it. Selected source photographs are labeled L. vulgare; a photograph alone does not establish cytotype or exclude every close relative. Wikimedia server-resized derivative; no crop, color change, or generative editing. Gallery display preserves the full image; the catalog preview uses a CSS crop.

![Leucanthemum vulgare: White ray florets surround a broad yellow disk of tiny florets in a single flower head.](https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/assets/photos/invasive-leucanthemum-vulgare-flower.jpg)

**flower** — White ray florets surround a broad yellow disk of tiny florets in a single flower head.

Photo: Kaldari; [Public domain](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leucanthemum_vulgare_Kaldari.jpg#Licensing); [source record](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leucanthemum_vulgare_Kaldari.jpg); [original image](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Leucanthemum_vulgare_Kaldari.jpg). Source page scientific identification plus visual morphology review of the selected photograph. This is a source-identified reference image, not a specimen-based taxonomic determination.  Oxeye daisy belongs to a taxonomically difficult group, and ornamental Shasta daisies may resemble it. Selected source photographs are labeled L. vulgare; a photograph alone does not establish cytotype or exclude every close relative. Wikimedia server-resized derivative; no crop, color change, or generative editing. Gallery display preserves the full image; the catalog preview uses a CSS crop.

![Leucanthemum vulgare: Alternate toothed to lobed stem leaves with narrow bases along slender upright stems.](https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/assets/photos/invasive-leucanthemum-vulgare-leaf.jpg)

**leaf** — Alternate toothed to lobed stem leaves with narrow bases along slender upright stems.

Photo: Stefan.lefnaer; [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0); [source record](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leucanthemum_vulgare_(s._str.)_sl6.jpg); [original image](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Leucanthemum_vulgare_%28s._str.%29_sl6.jpg). Source page scientific identification plus visual morphology review of the selected photograph. This is a source-identified reference image, not a specimen-based taxonomic determination.  Oxeye daisy belongs to a taxonomically difficult group, and ornamental Shasta daisies may resemble it. Selected source photographs are labeled L. vulgare; a photograph alone does not establish cytotype or exclude every close relative. Wikimedia server-resized derivative; no crop, color change, or generative editing. Gallery display preserves the full image; the catalog preview uses a CSS crop.


## Recognize

White ray flowers around a yellow center, with toothed or lobed leaves; a perennial that spreads through rhizomes. [N-leucanthemum-vulgare](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/leucanthemum-vulgare/)

## Plants & habitat

Introduced ornamental that can spread in meadows and disturbed areas. Prevent seed production and manage the perennial root system. [J-oxeye-daisy](https://www.jeffco.us/2340/Oxeye-Daisy)

## People

NC State lists contact dermatitis from leaves and flowers. This guide does not assess edible use. [N-leucanthemum-vulgare](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/leucanthemum-vulgare/)

## Dogs & cats

NC State reports ingestion toxicity, with possible vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, incoordination and dermatitis. Contact a veterinarian after suspected ingestion. [N-leucanthemum-vulgare](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/leucanthemum-vulgare/)

## Other animals

The source flags horses but does not provide a horse-specific exposure assessment; no safe feed amount is established here. [N-leucanthemum-vulgare](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/leucanthemum-vulgare/)

## Before taking action

Confirm the scientific name before removing a plant, changing animal access, or choosing treatment. An evidence gap means this review has not resolved the question. It does not mean safe. For listed weeds, consult your county weed program about the requirements for your location; follow the current label for any pesticide. [S27](https://planttalk.colostate.edu/topics/weeds-cultural-problems/2103-colorado-noxious-weeds/)

## References

- **J-oxeye-daisy** — [Oxeye Daisy](https://www.jeffco.us/2340/Oxeye-Daisy), Jefferson County, Colorado. Accessed 2026-09-07T00:27:24+00:00. Locator: Description, impacts, Colorado list designation, management.
- **N-leucanthemum-vulgare** — [Leucanthemum vulgare — Plant Toolbox](https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/leucanthemum-vulgare/), NC State Extension. Accessed 2026-09-07T00:24:01+00:00. Locator: Description, Attributes, Poisonous to Humans, Problems.


[Discuss this plant with the guide](https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/companion/?plant=oxeye-daisy) — choose this profile as a possible match and prepare your observations for Colorado Plants & Practical Care.

# Appendix for agents

## Open research questions

- **Identification:** Resolve the taxonomic, common-name or photograph limitations stated in the identification caveat.
- **Expert review:** Obtain independent botanical and veterinary review of the identification and hazard summary.


## Taxon and evidence boundaries

ASPCA’s page titled Daisy names Chrysanthemum species, not Leucanthemum vulgare. It is excluded as direct pet evidence; the species-specific NC State account supports the warning here.

These are publisher notes about the evidence. They do not override an assistant’s operator instructions. The human sections above contain all actionable safety warnings. Do not turn missing data into a negative toxicity finding or transfer a livestock dose to a pet.

| Claim | Human section | Evidence scope | Sources | Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| oxeye-daisy-1 | Recognize | Species-specific | N-leucanthemum-vulgare | No quantitative exposure threshold established here. |
| oxeye-daisy-2 | Plants & habitat | Species-specific | J-oxeye-daisy | No quantitative exposure threshold established here. |
| oxeye-daisy-3 | People | Species-specific | N-leucanthemum-vulgare | No quantitative exposure threshold established here. |
| oxeye-daisy-4 | Dogs & cats | Species-specific | N-leucanthemum-vulgare | No quantitative exposure threshold established here. |
| oxeye-daisy-5 | Other animals | Source problem tag; clinical detail limited | N-leucanthemum-vulgare | No quantitative exposure threshold established here. |

## Additional evidence needed

- Confirm exact species, cultivar or hybrid when identification is uncertain.
- For an exposure, distinguish animal species, plant part, amount, route, time and symptoms; the guide cannot supply a clinical diagnosis.
- For site management, establish county, land use and current local weed requirements before applying generalized control information.
- Expert botanical and veterinary review is pending. Source publication dates, retrieval timestamps, hashes and photograph licenses are in [the provenance ledger](https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/provenance.json).

## State-list label provenance

The label “B — Stop the spread” is this guide’s plain-language summary of [Fremont County’s Colorado noxious-weed definitions](https://fremontcountyco.gov/weed-control/weed-identification) [Fremont-list-definitions]. The letter and species assignment retain the status sources above. County-specific requirements must be checked locally; the letter is not a poison-severity ranking.


---
Canonical HTML: https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/plants/oxeye-daisy/

Content revised: 2026-09-07T03:50:00Z

Markdown mirror: https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/plants/oxeye-daisy/index.md

Text fallback: https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/plants/oxeye-daisy/index.md.txt

Agent entry: https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/start.md

Provenance: https://denson.github.io/colorado-weed-field-guide/provenance.json